Short Notes

1. Family: Family is the group of members living together under the same roof, sharing the available resources, is related to each other through blood relation, marriage or adoption.
2. Two Career Family: The family which consists of employed husband and wife with their unmarried children.
3. Single Parent Family: The family which consists of single-parent either husband or wife with their children.
4. Stepfamilies: The family which consists of mother, the biological children, and stepfather or father, the biological children, and stepmother.
5. Cohabitation: Cohabitation refers to living together without a formal wedding ceremony or marriage license.
6. Communal Living: A group of people who share similar ideals, beliefs, and interests and living together as one community.
7. Socialization: The process by which the members of society learn how to behave in the society they live in.
8. Socializing Agents: The School, The Family and The Peer Group
9. Sanctions: The consequence following the behavior whether it will be repeated or not
10. Modeling : Learning by watching the behavior of others
11. Differences in culture: Due to Time, Cross culture & Technology.
12. Nature: What we inherit from our parents
13. Nurture: What we learn from the social environment
14. Feral: Children existing in wild state and are supposedly been brought up by animals in the wild
15. Culture: It is everything that we are socialized to do, think, use and make.
16. Values: Socially shared ideas about what we consider to be good, desirable or important in life.
17. Norms: Socially acceptable or unacceptable behavior in particular social situations.
18. Folkways: Very week customs that members of a group are expected to follow to show courtesy to others.
19. Taboos: Very strong norms that prohibit or forbid a certain activity.
20. Mores: Social norms that provide the standards of moral behavior for a group of society.
21. Laws: The formalized norms in writing by legality and which is enforced by the government.
22. Peer Group : Group of members who are about the same age and have similar interests, ideals and views.
23. Advantages of Peer Group : Teaches to be independent from adult authorities, teaches social skills, teaches its members the value of friendship among equals, qualities of leadership and followership, sharing ideas and problems.
24. Disadvantages of Peer Group : Development of Subculture, Misleading to wrong paths, Formation of group, Bad Modeling from peer group
25. Crowds: A group of people temporarily doing something while physically close to one another.
26. Characteristics of Crowd: Do not share clear expectations about how to behave and about what will happen. Tend to feel that something must be done right away to solve the common problem. A feeling, attitude or idea spreads very quickly among crowd members. Tend to go along with the actions of others without thinking too much about them. Tend to say and do the things that they would not normally say and do.
27. Types of Crowd: Casual, Conventional, Acting and Expressive.
28. Emergent Norm Theory: A new norm or rule is developed to guide the behavior in a particular situation, there is great social pressure to behave like other members of the crowd.
29. Social Contagion Theory: The crowd acts as mask, the primitive(animal) side become active. We are faceless and nameless in crowd. Allows us to be emotional and irrational in a way that we cannot be in our normal civilized lives. We are then very easily affected by the emotion and action of others in the crowd.
30. Panic: Panic is a useless to a serious threat or danger which generally involves a special kind of flight.
31. Mass Hysteria: The condition when numerous people engage in wild or frenzied activity without checking the source of fear.